The following questions will help you develop your understanding of the concepts and process of hypothesis testing

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The following questions will help you develop your understanding of the concepts and process of hypothesis testing.Which of the following is an example of a Null hypothesis?The population mean height for males and females is not the same.The population mean height for males and females is the same.The population mean height for females is higher than malesThe population mean height for males is higher than females.1 points QUESTION 2Hypothesis testing always assumes which of the following is true?The theoryThe Null hypothesisThe Alternate hypothesisThe research question1 points QUESTION 3Which of the following statements best define the p-value for a study?The probability that the Null hypothesis is true.The probability that the Alternate hypothesis is false.The probability of obtaining an observed sample result, or one more extreme, under the assumption that the Null hypothesis is true.The probability that the results of a study occurred by chance.1 points QUESTION 4When do we reject the Null hypothesis?When the confidence interval captures the Null hypothesised value.When a test statistic is no more extreme than the critical valueWhen the p-value is less than the significance level αWhen the p-value is greater than the significance level α1 points QUESTION 5The results of a Hypothesis test are said to be statistically significant under which of the following conditions? Check all that apply as more than one option may be correct.When the p-value is less than the significance level αWhen the test statistic is more extreme than the critical valueWhen the confidence interval for a sample statistic does not capture the Null hypothesised value.When the power of a test is 80% or higher.1 points QUESTION 6Match the research question, research hypothesis and statistical hypotheses with the correct example. – A. B. C. D. Research Question – A. B. C. D. Research Hypothesis – A. B. C. D. Null hypothesis – A. B. C. D. Alternate HypothesisA.The population mean 100m running time will reduce after drinking a caffeinated sports drink.B.People who drink caffeinated sports will demonstrate improved sport performance.C.Do caffeinated sports drinks improve sport performance?D.The population mean 100m running time will not change after drinking a caffeinated sports drink.1 points QUESTION 7When the Null hypothesis is rejected, which of the following statements is true?The results prove the Alternative hypothesis is trueThe results support the Alternative hypothesisThe results prove the Null hypothesis is falseThere is only a 5% chance that a Type I error has occurred.1 points QUESTION 8When a p-value is greater than the significance level α, e.g. 0.05, what should the decision be?to reject the Null hypothesisto accept the Alternate hypothesisto fail to reject the Null hypothesisto accept the Null hypothesis1 points QUESTION 9The results of a study are found to be statistically significant. What does this mean?The Alternate hypothesis was trueThe Null hypothesis was trueThat the p-value was less than the significance levelThe study had true scientific value1 points QUESTION 10One-sample Hypothesis TestingThe following questions will help develop your understanding of one-sample hypothesis testing.The Times.csv dataset (see Data Repository) contains the 100 meter running times (seconds) of a random sample of 15 people. What is the sample’s mean 100m running time? (Round answer to two decimal places)1 points QUESTION 11What is the sample’s standard deviation for 100m running time? (Round to two decimal places)1 points QUESTION 12The population mean 100m running time is believed to be 14 seconds. Assuming running times are normally distributed in the population, does this sample provide evidence that the population mean is not 14 seconds? Which of the following is the correct Null hypothesis?H0: μ ≠ 14 secH0: μ = 14 secH0: μ > 14 secH0: μ < 14="" sec1="" points="" question="" 13which="" of="" the="" following="" is="" the="" correct="" alternate="" hypothesis?ha:="" μ="14" secha:="" μ=""> 14 secHA: μ ≠ 14 secHA: μ < 14="" sec1="" points="" question="" 14calculate="" the="" sample&#39;s="" test="" statistic.="" (round="" answer="" to="" three="" decimal="" places)1="" points="" question="" 15what="" is="" the="" upper="" tail="" critical="" value="" for="" the="" two-sided="" hypothesis="" test?="" (round="" answer="" to="" three="" decimal="" places)1="" points="" question="" 16what="" is="" the="" p-value="" for="" the="" hypothesis="" test?="" (round="" to="" three="" decimal="" places)1="" points="" question="" 17based="" on="" the="" test="" statistic="" and="" p-value="" from="" the="" hypothesis="" test,="" what="" was="" the="" correct="" decision?accept="" h0reject="" h0accept="" hafail="" to="" reject="" h01="" points="" question="" 18which="" of="" the="" following="" conclusions="" best="" summarises="" the="" results="" of="" the="" hypothesis="" test="" for="" 100m="" running="" times?the="" results="" of="" the="" study="" failed="" to="" find="" statistically="" significant="" evidence="" that="" the="" population&#39;s="" mean="" 100m="" running="" time="" was="" different="" to="" 14="" seconds.this="" study="" proved="" that="" the="" population&#39;s="" mean="" 100m="" running="" time="" was="" 14="" seconds.this="" study="" found="" statistically="" significant="" evidence="" that="" the="" population&#39;s="" mean="" 100m="" running="" times="" was="" less="" than="" 14="" seconds.the="" results="" of="" this="" study="" were="" inconclusive="" due="" to="" small="" sample="" size.1="" points="" question="" 19what="" was="" the="" lower="" bound="" of="" the="" sample&#39;s="" 95%="" ci="" of="" the="" mean?="" (round="" to="" three="" decimal="" places)1="" points="" question="" 20the="" 95%="" ci="" of="" the="" sample&#39;s="" mean="" 100m="" running="" time="" captures="" h0:="" μ="14" sec.="" true="" or="" false?="" true="" false1="" points="" question="" 21as="" the="" null="" hypothesised="" value="" is="" captured="" within="" the="" ci,="" the="" results="" of="" the="" hypothesis="" test="" are="" not="" statistically="" significant.="" true="" or="" false?="" true="" false1="" points="" question="" 22what="" would="" be="" the="" p-value="" of="" the="" 100m="" running="" time="" hypothesis="" test="" if="" ha:="" μ="">< 14="" sec="" was="" used?="" (round="" answer="" to="" three="" decimal="" places)1="" points="" question="" 23it="" is="" has="" been="" said="" that="" the="" average="" physically="" active="" adult="" can="" leg="" press="" 2="" times="" their="" body="" weight.="" a="" researcher="" gathers="" a="" random="" sample="" of="" the="" population="" and="" tests="" their="" 1="" repetition="" max="" kg="" (1rm)="" on="" a="" leg="" press="" machine.="" the="" researcher="" then="" divides="" the="" 1rm="" by="" the="" person&#39;s="" body="" weight="" to="" get="" the="" 1rm="" kg/body="" kg="" ratio.="" the="" leg="" press.csv="" dataset="" is="" available="" from="" the="" data="" repository.="" assuming="" the="" data="" are="" normally="" distributed,="" does="" this="" sample="" provide="" evidence="" that="" the="" population="" mean="" 1rm="" for="" leg="" press="" is="" not="" 2="" times="" a="" person&#39;s="" body="" weight?="" which="" of="" the="" following="" is="" the="" correct="" null="" hypothesis?h0:="" μ="" ≠="" 2h0:="" μ=""> 2H0: μ < 2h0:="" μ="21" points="" question="" 24which="" of="" the="" following="" is="" the="" correct="" alternate="" hypothesis?ha:="" μ="" ≠="" 2ha:="" μ="2HA:" μ="">< 2ha:="" μ=""> 21 points QUESTION 25What is the sample’s mean ratio? (Round answer to two decimal places)1 points QUESTION 26What was the sample’s standard deviation of the ratio? (Round to two decimal places)1 points QUESTION 27Calculate the sample’s test statistic. (Round answer to three decimal places)1 points QUESTION 28What is the upper critical value for the two-tailed Hypothesis test? (Round answer to three decimal places)1 points QUESTION 29What is the p-value for the Hypothesis test? (Round answer to three decimal places)1 points QUESTION 30Based on the test statistic and p-value from the Hypothesis test, what was the correct decision?Accept H0Fail to reject H0Reject H0Accept HA1 points QUESTION 31Which of the following conclusions best summarises the results of the Hypothesis test for leg press study?This study proved that the population’s mean ratio was 2.This study found statistically significant evidence that the population’s mean ratio was greater than 2.The results of the study failed to find statistically significant evidence that the population’s mean ratio was different to 2.The results of this study were underpowered and, therefore, inconclusive.1 points QUESTION 32What is the upper bound of the sample’s 95% CI of the mean? (Round answer to three decimal places)1 points QUESTION 33The 95% CI of the sample’s ratio captures H0: μ = 2. True or false? True False1 points QUESTION 34What would be the p-value of the 1RM leg press/body weight kg ratio Hypothesis test if HA: μ < 2="" was="" used?="" (round="" answer="" to="" three="" decimal="" places)1="" points="" question="" 35as="" the="" null="" hypothesised="" value="" is="" captured="" within="" the="" ci,="" the="" results="" of="" the="" hypothesis="" test="" are="" not="" statistically="" significant.="" true="" or="" false?="" true="" false="">