a. Discuss how information flows in a typical organisation hierarchy, giving examples of the type of information at each level.

b. ‘Top managers (and executives) do not have time to study and analyse large volumes of data. Instead they need an information system that will analyse the data and present it in an easy and elegant manner so that they can make quick and effective decisions’. Discuss the statement with appropriate examples

ANSWERS

A) Organizations usually follow up-to-down or down-to-the-way information flow. Now the ups and downs of the decision are made by the highest authority and distributed to the smallest and most ultimately to the bottom. An example of this case is a new policy issued within the organization by the CEO and given to a general employee.

On the upside, information channels flow from the lowest level in the organization to the highest level. Now consider an example of a grievance redressal procedure in which a minor employee lodges a complaint and depending on the size of the complaint the senior authorities look into the matter.

B) The above statement is the reason why there are so-called "analysts", the ancients did not have computers so much and there was a great need for mathematicians to compile data and provide insight to higher authorities, but with the advancement of technology and computers, data science became operational in 2010. only. Nowadays there are days with software like "Tableau, Hadoop" that will analyze big data sets in some minutes and provide all graphs and usable insights to higher authorities so that based on this they can make decisions.