1- JD is a 17-year-old boy who plays sports in his senior year of high school and is en excellent students, with great academic achievement. Since the last month, he has become increasingly thirsty and must drink almost constantly (polydipsia). He also is producing a higher than normal amount of urine (polyuria). He is constantly hungry and eating more than normal (polyphagia) and yet, he has lost almost 10 pounds in the last few weeks. He is constantly tired, stopped participating with his team due to intense fatigue, and his grades have started to slip. His parents consult the family doctor, who orders many tests and has mentioned diabetes as a possible diagnosis.
a) what is glucose?
b) what is insulin? What is glucagon?
c) Why do you think this boy has polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria?
d) what is diabetes?
2- HT is 35-year-old woman who is becoming increasingly belligerent and had arguments with her neighbors due to seemingly minor causes, strange for a person who was always pleasant and friendly. She noticed that she is always hot, and even in the crip air in December she did not need a coat. She is always hungry but has lost several pounds without a diet. She feels always in need of movement, but at the same time, she is fatigue and does not feel good in general. She started to notice a change in her eyes, that seem to bulge from the orbits. Her best friend, a nurse practitioner, has been also noticing the changes and is worried about her. She had made an appointment for her friend to see a doctor she works with and her friend agreed to go see her.
a) What gland/s could be the one/s affected in this patient's case? What hormones?
b) What are the normal functions of these hormones?
c) what do you think is the problem in this case?
d) what is the name of the condition that causes the bulging of the eyes?

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