Explain, briefly using as many examples as possible how conservationists and other private individuals were able to increase the amount of environmental quality, though it is a public good, by the use of permits, credits, or certification.

Conservationists used tradable permits in increasing the quantity of environmental quality by apportioning the access to environmental resources and decentralizing the arising access rights. For example: To control pollution, the conservationists designated the total quantity of emissions permitted in the appropriate control sector.

Conservationists increased environmental quality by offering credits to industries that didn't indulge in environmental pollution. For example, some industries were credited after the conservationists established that they effectively controlled pollution.

Conservationists provided certificates to the manufacturing industries, which increased enterprises' accountability when manufacturing products that might interfere with the environment's quality.