1)A)How are the major atmospheric circulation cells and prevailing surface wind patterns on Earth influenced by the Coriolis Effect?

B)How does the atmospheric circulation patterns affect the locations of deserts and rain forests?

C)How does the position of the ITCZ change during the year and how does this affect rainfall patterns?

D)Is the air circulation pattern around a low-pressure area in the northern hemisphere clockwise or counter-clockwise?

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Answers are below:

Step-by-step explanation

A. How are the major atmospheric circulation cells and prevailing surface wind patterns on Earth influenced by the Coriolis Effect?

The Coriolis Effect, in combination with an area of high pressure, causes the prevailing winds—the trade winds—to move from east to west on both sides of the equator across this 60-degree "belt." And but because the Earth rotates, circulating air is deflected. Instead of circulating in a straight pattern, the air deflects toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere, resulting in curved paths. This deflection is called the Coriolis effect

The paths of the winds on a rotating Earth are deflected by the Coriolis Effect. The Coriolis Effect is a result of the fact that different latitudes on Earth rotate at different speeds. This is because every point on Earth must make a complete rotation in 24 hours, but some points must travel farther, and therefore faster, to complete the rotation in the same amount of time. As objects move over the surface of the Earth they encounter regions of varying speed, which causes their path to be deflected by the Coriolis Effect.

B. How do the atmospheric circulation patterns affect the locations of deserts and rain forests?

The Earth is surrounded by a thin layer of air called the atmosphere. The air in the atmosphere moves in response to differences in temperature at the equator (warm) and the poles (cold). This movement of air is called global atmospheric circulation. Temperatures at the equator are high because incoming solar radiation is more intense as the sun's energy is more concentrated. Due to high temperatures at the equator, the air rises up into the atmosphere. This creates a low pressure (as the air is rising it puts less pressure on the Earth's surface). As the air rises it becomes colder, causing condensation (forming clouds) that leads to rainfall.

Global atmospheric circulation creates winds across the planet as air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. It also leads to areas of high rainfall, like the tropical rainforests, and areas of dry air, like deserts. Each ocean has a circular pattern of surface currents called a gyre. They are produced as assess of water move from one climate zone to another. They are created by surface winds generated by global atmospheric circulation.

C. How does the position of the ITCZ change during the year and how does this affect rainfall patterns?

Seasonal shifts in the location of the ITCZ drastically affect rainfall in many equatorial nations, resulting in the wet and dry seasons of the tropics rather than the cold and warm seasons of higher latitudes. Longer-term changes in the ITCZ can result in severe droughts or flooding in nearby areas.

D. Is the air circulation pattern around a low-pressure area in the northern hemisphere clockwise or counter-clockwise?

As air tries to move from high to low pressure in the atmosphere, the Coriolis force diverts the air so that it follows the pressure contours. In the Northern Hemisphere, this means that air is blown around low pressure in an anticlockwise direction and around high pressure in a clockwise direction.