How can you induce disorders in animals, behavioral tests and what they test did

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how to induce disorders in animals

techniques for inducing disorders include transgenesis, single-gene knock-outs and knock-ins, conditional gene modifications, and chromosomal rearrangements

Large-Scale Mutation Screens-  indirect approaches attempt to randomly make mutations in animal models' genomes. Then, the animals are screened in an attempt to determine which ones show phenotypes that are similar to human diseases.

transgenesis- Transgenic animals are generated by adding foreign genetic information to the nucleus of embryonic cells, thereby inhibiting gene expression. This can be achieved by either injecting the foreign DNA directly into the embryo or by using a retroviral vector to insert the transgene into an organism's DNA

single -gene knockouts and knock-ins-- Both knock-out and knock-in animals are created in the same way: a specific mutation is inserted into the endogenous gene, and then it is conveyed to the next generation through breeding

conditional gene modification- One drawback to using transgenic, knock-in, and knock-out mice to study human diseases is that many disorders occur late in life, and when genes are altered to model such diseases, the mutations can profoundly affect development and cause early death

behavioral test

Behavioral testing is widely used and accepted as an integral part of toxicological evaluations. The data can be sensitive, specific, and reliable in detecting chemical effects, as well as useful for regulatory decisions and mechanistic evaluations in basic research

Locomotor sensitization is a commonly used behavioral model of addictive disorders in rodents whereby drug is administered over consecutive days or alternating days and locomotor activity and other behavioral measures recordedA large variety of rodent behavioral tests are currently being used to evaluate traits such as sensory-motor function, social interactions, anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior, substance dependence and various forms of cognitive function.