1)   What is the significance of an epiphyseal growth plate that is composed of bone versus one that is composed of cartilage?

2.     How is the shape of the glenoid cavity of the scapula different from that of the acetabulum in the hip bone? How do the shapes of these bone markings affect the range of motion at their respective joints?

3.     How do the distinct characteristics of the female pelvis make childbirth easier?

4.     Which bone markings are responsible for making the protrusions of the ankles, just above the feet?

5.     When someone falls with an outstretched arm, a broken clavicle often results. Physically, how would that person appear afterward? What is the function of the clavicle?

Answer:

>1)Epiphyseal plates composed of bones are considered more significant because the coordinated activity of these bone cells allow bones to grow ,repair itself and change shape; enabling the growth of long bones.

>2)The glenoid activity of the scapula is relatively shallow,pear-shaped with articular surface when compared to the acetabulum. By being shallow the glenoid activity allows the shoulder to have the greatest mobility of all joints in the body,allowing unassisted flexion.

>The acetabulum in the hip joint being horseshoe shaped with fibrocartilaginous ring (acetabular labrum); provides a larger articular surface ,improving the stability of the joint.

>3)Distinct characteristics of the pelvis such as being broad in size make the pelvis well adapted for childbirth due to features which include: rounded pelvic brim & inlet, and short shallow pelvic cavity,blunt -dull ischial spines which encourage foetal rotation.

>4)Bone markings responsible for making the protrusions of the ankles: Lateral malleolus(the outer ankle bone formed by the distal end of the fibula);and medial malleous, which is the inner ankle bone formed by the distal end of the tibia.

>5)A person with a broken clavicle would show stiffness at the shoulder,a bulge on or near the shoulder,swelling,tenderness and bruising at the shoulder.

>Functions of the clavicle:Serves as a rigid support from which the scapula and free limb are suspended to keep the upper limb away from the thorax so that the arm has maximum range of movement.