Urinary bladder and bowel control involve spinal reflex arcs located in the sacral region of the spinal cord. In both cases, sphincter muscles control the passage of waste (urine and feces) out of the body. A spinal cord transection at L1 would result in (select all the apply)

a. elimination of urination and defecation reflexes

  b. loss of conscious perception of the fullness of the urinary bladder

  c. no loss of urination and defecation reflexes

  d. loss of voluntary control of urination and defecation

  e. no loss of conscious perception of the fullness of the bowels

2. A spinal cord transection (tear) at segment C₇ would result in ( ).

Choose the right answers.

a. loss of sensory perception from the neck down

b. loss of voluntary motor function from the neck down

c. loss of sensory perception and voluntary motor function from the neck down

d. loss of sensory perception from the chest down

e. loss of sensory perception and voluntary motor function from the chest down

3.A spinal cord transection at segment T₁₂ would result in ( ).

a. loss of sensory perception from the waist down

b. loss of voluntary motor function from the waist down

c. loss of sensory perception and voluntary motor function from the chest down

d. loss of sensory perception from the chest down

e. loss of sensory perception and voluntary motor function from the chest down

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