1) What is Inorganic Chemistry?

2)     What are Hydride Compounds?

 

Answer:

1  What is Inorganic Chemistry?

Inorganic chemistry is the study of the structure, reactions, and properties of all chemical elements and compounds with the exception of organic compounds (hydrocarbons and their derivatives). Metals, minerals, and organometallic compounds are all inorganic compounds, and inorganic chemistry is concerned with their characteristics and behavior. It's a branch of chemistry concerned with the study of compounds that don't contain carbon or hydrogen atoms. It is, in a nutshell, the polar opposite of Organic Chemistry. Metals, salts, chemical compounds, and other things that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonding are examples.

Catalysts, pigments, coatings, surfactants, pharmaceuticals, fuels, and other inorganic compounds are utilized in a variety of applications. They frequently have high melting points and specialized electrical conductivity qualities, making them valuable for specialized applications. For example:

• Ammonia - In fertilizer, ammonia is a nitrogen source. Nylons, fibers, plastics, polyurethanes, hydrazine (used in jet and rocket fuels), and explosives are all made with it.
• Chlorine - Polyvinyl chloride (used in pipes, clothing, and furniture), agrochemicals (e.g., fertilizer, pesticide, or soil treatment), medicines, and chemicals for water treatment and sterilization are all made with chlorine.
• Titanium dioxide - Titanium dioxide is a white powder pigment that is used in paints, coatings, plastics, paper, inks, textiles, food, and cosmetics since it is a naturally occurring oxide of titanium. It also has strong ultraviolet light resistance, and its usage in photocatalysts is becoming more popular.

References:

https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/careers/chemical-sciences/areas/inorganic-chemistry.html

https://byjus.com/chemistry/inorganic-chemistry/

https://www.nature.com/subjects/inorganic-chemistry

2  What are Hydride Compounds?

In simple words, the anion of hydrogen is referred to as hydride. Any group of chemical compounds in which hydrogen is joined with another element is referred to as a hydride. It's a chemical molecule with nucleophilic, basic, or reducing characteristics due to the hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen in a hydride usually has an oxidation number equal to −1. Water (H₂O), methane (CH₄), and ammonia (NH₃) are some of the most common examples.

Hydrides are hydrogen compounds that contain fewer electronegative components. When hydrogen combines with another element, the resulting product is known as a hydride. The hydride gap is defined as the absence of hydride production from VA group elements in the periodic table. The hydrogen molecule forms hydrides when it reacts with various elements other than noble gases. However, depending on the type of intermolecular force that occurs between the elements, their molecular weights, temperature, and other circumstances, the characteristics may change.

ADDITIONAL:

On the basis of the type of chemical connection involved, three fundamental types of hydrides may be distinguished: saline (ionic), metallic, and covalent. On the basis of structure, the fourth form of hydride, dimeric (polymeric) hydride, can be recognized. Nonconductors such as aluminum, copper, and beryllium hydrides occur in solid, liquid, and gaseous forms. All of them are thermally unstable, and some of them will explode if they come into touch with air or moisture.

Types of Hydrides

Hydrides are classified into three broad classes or kinds. The categories are determined by the elements with which hydrogen forms bonds, or by chemical bonding alone. Ionic, covalent, and metallic hydrides are the three types of hydrides. We'll learn more about them in the sections following.

Ionic or Saline Hydrides

When a hydrogen molecule combines with highly electropositive s-block components, they produce (Alkali Metals and Alkaline Earth Metals). Ionic hydrides are crystalline, non-conducting, and non-volatile in their solid state. In a liquid form, however, they conduct electricity. When ionic hydrides are electrolyzed, hydrogen gas is released at the anode. Saline or ionic hydrides are utilized as bases or reducing reagents in organic synthesis because they do not dissolve in typical solvents.

Example of Ionic Hydrides: Nah, KH, CaH2, and other ionic hydrides are examples. The negatively charged (H-) ion hydrogen is present in these.

Covalent Hydrides

When hydrogen combines with other electronegative elements as Si, C, and others, covalent hydrides are created.

CH4 and NH3 are the most common examples. Covalent hydrides are compounds that are generated when hydrogen reacts with non-metals in general. The compounds are either volatile or non-volatile and share a covalent bond. Covalent hydrides come in two forms: liquids and gases.

Example of Covalent Hydrides: SiH₄ (silane)

Metallic Hydrides

A metal hydride is a hydrogen compound that forms a bond with another metal element. The bonds are primarily covalent, though ionic bonds are occasionally used to generate hydrides. Transition metals frequently produce these, which are non-stoichiometric, hard, and have high melting and boiling temperatures.

Example of Metallic Hydrides: Metallic hydrides include TiH aluminum, cadmium, magnesium, and others.

Interstitial hydrides are another name for metal hydrides. When a hydrogen molecule combines with the d- and f-block components, they create. Groups 7, 8, and 9 metals do not create hydrides. They conduct heat and electricity to some extent, but not to the same extent as their parent metals.
Uses of Hydride

• Many chemical industries employ them as reducing agents.
• In battery storage systems such as nickel hydride batteries, hydrides are extremely important.
• They are used as drying agents/dehumidifiers.
• In organic synthesis, they are utilized as strong bases.
• Heat storage, hydrogen storage, and compressor capabilities are all advantages of metal hydrides.

References:

https://www.britannica.com/science/hydride

https://byjus.com/jee/hydrides/