1) Your research group is investigating the possible use of genetically-engineered cells to produce a vaccine for malaria

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1) Your research group is investigating the possible use of genetically-engineered cells to produce a vaccine for malaria. List the pros and cons of using E. coli, Saccharomyces, and animal cells to produce the vaccine. (18)

2. For the following cases, what are the signs AND symptoms mentioned, whether the patient has them or not? (30) A) The patient was a 4-month-old female with congenital heart disease who was admitted to the hospital in January with severe respiratory distress. Five days prior to admission she had developed a cough and rhinitis. Two days later she began wheezing and was noted to have a fever. She was brought to the emergency room when she became lethargic. On examination she was agitated and coughing. She had a fever of 38.90 C, tachycardia with a pulse of 220, tachypnea with respirations of 80/min., and a blood pressure of 90/58 mm Hg. B) A 35-year-old woman is seen for easy fatigue for many months. She is now 24 weeks pregnant with her 3rd child in 3 years. She does not see any obstetrician and does not take any vitamins. Lately, she has developed a taste for eating ice. She has no other complaint. Family and past history are negative. She does not smoke or drink. Physical examination is positive for pale conjunctiva, mild spooning of nails, and an II/VI systolic murmur at left lower sternal border. Stools are negative for occult blood.

 

3. Skin & mucous membranes are two main barriers to pathogen entry. What physical & chemical factors do they have to make that possible? (10)

4. The inflammatory process involves a sequence of events. What are they & why do they occur? (12)

5. What are the functions of the FIVE type of antibodies? (15)

6. What is the importance of B cells in primary AND secondary response? (10)

7. Why is it relatively hard to find organ matches, even among relatives" [Hint: Look at the MHC genes.] (5)