Question 1:- In a computer model of memory, _____ would happen at the keyboard, _____ on the monitor, and _____ on the hard drive

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Question 1:-

In a computer model of memory, _____ would happen at the keyboard, _____ on the monitor, and _____ on the hard drive.

		storage, encoding, retrieval
		encoding, storage, retrieval
		retrieval, storage, encoding
		encoding, retrieval, storage

 

QUESTION 2

The following descriptions are characteristic of _____: information lasts for a few seconds or less, a large but not unlimited storage capacity, and transmission of an accurate but not perfect “image.”

		working memory
		short-term memory
		long-term memory
		sensory memory

1 points 

QUESTION 3

This explains why you can recall what someone said several seconds ago, even if you were absorbed in another task when he or she first said it.

		working memory
		Phonosonic memory
		Iconic memory
		Echoic memory

QUESTION 4

When you swallow the last bite of a divine piece of chocolate and continue to experience the delightful taste for a bit longer, you are utilizing your _____.

		long-term memory
		mnemonic devices
		sensory memory system
		imaginary sensory system

QUESTION 5

Yu-Wai just met a woman he feels attracted to. He keeps saying her name over and over to himself to make sure he doesn't forget it. Yu-Wai is using _____ to keep this woman’s name in _____ memory.

		maintenance rehearsal; short-term memory
		mnemonics; long-term memory
		a reverberating circuit; sensory memory
		selective attention; short-term memory

 

QUESTION 6

Miguel has an average memory capacity. Which of the following lists is the MOST likely to forget?

		IBM, CBS, FBI, CIA, NBC, ABC, ESP
		ZKQ, LMP, TSC, XRJ
		Karen, Kathy, Katie, Keith, Kevin, Kim,
		123, 456, 789, 987, 654, 321

1 points 

QUESTION 7

Short-term memory receives information from _____ memory.

		sensory
		sensory and long-term
		sensory and working
		long-term

1 points 

QUESTION 8

Your general knowledge of what you have learned so far in this course is called _____.

		nondeclarative memory
		implicit memory
		semantic memory
		episodic memory

1 points 

QUESTION 9

Just as chunking is a form of STM organization, _____ is (are) a form of LTM organization.

		parallel processing
		rehearsal
		hierarchies
		massed practice

1 points 

QUESTION 10

An essay test requires the use of _____ because you must use very general retrieval cues to search the contents of your LTM.

		the encoding specificity principle
		recall
		recognition
		all of these options

1 points 

QUESTION 11

When taking an exam, students often do better with items taken from the first and last of the chapter covered by the exam. This demonstrates _____.

		the state-dependent effect
		source amnesia
		the superiority of distributed practice
		the serial-position effect

1 points 

QUESTION 12

According to the serial position effect, to increase the chance that you will be remembered by your host when introduced at a crowded party, you should try to be introduced _____.

		seventh
		in the middle
		fourth
		either first or last

1 points 

QUESTION 13

In answering this question, the correct multiple-choice option may serve as a _____ for recalling accurate information from your long-term memory.

		specificity code
		priming pump
		retrieval cue
		flashbulb stimulus

1 points 

QUESTION 14

When asked to recall the date of John Kennedy’s assassination, Peter draws a blank; however, when asked whether it was October 24, 1962, November 22, 1963, or February 1, 1965, he correctly answers with the second of the choices. This example most clearly demonstrates the value of ______.
 

		state-dependent memory
		retrieval cues
		mnemonic devices
		cross links in deep structure

1 points 

QUESTION 15

1. Ebbinghaus found that he could remember _____ percent of a list of nonsense syllables an hour after learning the list perfectly, _____ percent a day later, and _____ percent a week later.

   		10; 20; 30
   		44; 35; 21
   		99; 90; 10
   		50; 49; 48

1 points 

QUESTION 16

1. According to Ebbinghaus’ forgetting curve, forgetting _____.

   		is initially rapid, then slows
   		is initially slow, then speeds
   		occurs at a steady rate over time
   		occurs rapidly in children and older adults, but slower in young adults

1 points 

QUESTION 17

1. To measure Anita’s retention of the poems she learned 15 years ago, the time it took her to review, recall, and recite the poetry was recorded. This is an example of _____.

   		a recall ratio
   		relearning
   		reintegration
   		none of these options

1 points 

QUESTION 18

1. Tests make you anxious. You forgot there was a test today. Freud might suggest that his theory of _____ applies in this situation.

   		passive aggressiveness
   		unconscious resistance
   		defense mechanisms
   		motivated forgetting

1 points 

QUESTION 19

1. Encoding failure is likely due to _____.

   		momentary inaccessibility
   		a failure of sensory memory
   		a problem with STM
   		deciding the information wasn't important enough to transfer to LTM

1 points 

QUESTION 20

1. This is an example of the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.

   		Paul said “ooks” instead of “oops.”
   		Simon wrote a song, but just couldn’t recall the words at the moment.
   		Art said “white” instead of “black.”
   		Peter experienced a sour sensation when he licked his lollipop.

1 points 

QUESTION 21

1. You are likely to forget your old address once you have learned your new one because of _____ interference.

   		episodic
   		semantic
   		proactive
   		retroactive

1 points 

QUESTION 22

1. Varian is finding it hard to learn Greek in his first year of college because he took Latin in his last two years of high school. This is an example of _____.

   		motivated forgetting
   		proactive interference
   		temporary amnesia
   		retroactive interference

1 points 

QUESTION 23

1. An assailant entered a classroom and attacked the professor during class! Of course, it was staged for a learning experience so the professor said, “What did he look like? I only noticed he was really tall,” even though he was actually rather short. When questioned by the police, most students described the assailant as being really tall; this is known as the _______.

   		misinformation effect
   		sleeper effect
   		source amnesia
   		the double bind

1 points 

QUESTION 24

1. Jamie heard about a divorce that was printed in the RAG MAG, which she does not believe is very reliable. However, over time, she forgot where she heard about the divorce. The fact that she later came to believe the story was true is known as _______.a) the misinformation effectb) the information effectc) the sleeper effectd) source amnesia

   		the information effect
   		the misinformation effect
   		the sleeper effect
   		source amnesia

1 points 

QUESTION 25

1. Cramming is another term for _____, which is an inefficient form of studying.

   		buddy studying
   		serial studying
   		massed practice
   		priming

1 points 

QUESTION 26

1. Students who study in long, unbroken intervals are engaged in _____, and are likely to perform _____ on a test of what they learned.

   		massed practice; well
   		distributed practice; well
   		distributed practice; poorly
   		massed practice; poorly

1 points 

QUESTION 27

1. Why do your teachers want you to distribute your study time evenly across the semester, rather than cram your learning into a few long, unbroken intervals just before exam days?

   		They want you to be a nerd.
   		They are capitalizing on the sleeper effect.
   		They know people learn better when using massed practice rather than distributive practice.
   		They know people learn better when using distributed rather than massed practice

1 points 

QUESTION 28

1. Which of the following statements about culture and memory is ACCURATE?

   		Culture affects both the “software” and “hardware” components of memory.
   		Preliterate cultures recall orally presented stories better than literate cultures.
   		Reading a story strongly influences memory in all cultures, regardless of schooling.
   		All of these options are accurate.

1 points 

QUESTION 29

1. What conclusion can be drawn from cross-cultural studies of memory?

   		People in all cultures demonstrate the same memory abilities.
   		Culture provides experiences and strategies that improve memory for culturally relevant information.
   		People in preliterate cultures have fewer memory strategies than people in literate cultures.
   		Many cultures do not consider memory to be an important mental function.

1 points 

QUESTION 30

1. Your vivid memory of what you were doing when you learned about the attack on the World Trade Center is an example of _____.

   		latent learning
   		long-term potentiation
   		the encoding specificity principle
   		a flashbulb memory

1 points 

QUESTION 31

1. Kelsey suffers from _____ amnesia because he cannot remember the events that led up to the motorcycle accident that injured his brain.

   		retroactive
   		anterograde
   		retrograde
   		proactive

1 points 

QUESTION 32

1. Ralph fell through the floor of his tree house and found himself in the hospital. He has no memory of his hospital stay, which suggests he has developed _____ amnesia.

   		proactive
   		retroactive
   		anterograde
   		retrograde

1 points 

QUESTION 33

1. PET scans of patients with Alzheimer’s disease suggest they have a loss of function in the _____.

   		parietal lobe
   		temporal lobe
   		temporal and parietal lobes
   		entire cerebral cortex

1 points 

QUESTION 34

1. June-bug has Alzheimer’s disease. Which of the following is she MOST likely to forget?

   		why her sisters added the “bug” to her name when they were kids
   		how to shift gears in her Mercedes
   		how to tie her shoes
   		all of these options

1 points 

QUESTION 35

1. Researchers have demonstrated that it is _____ to create false memories.

   		relatively easy
   		moderately difficult
   		rarely possible
   		never possible

1 points 

QUESTION 36

1. In a study of eyewitness testimony, _____ of the participants who observed a “crime in progress” identified innocent people from a group of mugshots an hour later, and _____ identified innocent people from a lineup a week later.

   		none; 15%
   		none; none
   		20%; 8%
   		63%; 85%

1 points 

QUESTION 37

1. If you erroneously recall the reading the word “sleep” on a list of words like “"snooze, nap, rest, wake, doze,” you are probably _____.

   		suffering from the sleeper effect
   		experiencing early signs of Alzheimer”s disease
   		constructing a false memory
   		experiencing anterograde amnesia

1 points 

QUESTION 38

1. To remember the pathway for vision you imagine yourself walking into your house, noting the cornea peephole in the front door, the entryway fishbowl full of aqueous humor, and a pupil seated in your living room handing you a lens as you enter the dining room where glasses filled with vitreous humor rest on a retinal tablecloth with pictures of rods and cones. This is an example of _____.

   		using acronyms
   		using peg words
   		a psychotic breakdown
   		the method of loci

1 points 

QUESTION 39

1. Which of the following supports the idea that elaborative rehearsal leads to better recall than maintenance rehearsal?

   		People who study words by counting syllables remember than better than people who study by placing words into sentences
   		People who study words by placing them into sentences remember than better than people who study by counting syllables
   		People who study words by rating the pleasantness of their sounds recall them as well as people who study by counting syllables
   		People who study words by rating the pleasantness of their sounds recall them as well as people who place words into sentences

1 points 

QUESTION 40

1. Which of the following persons is using a mental image?

   		Karen is savoring her memory of the chocolate truffle she ate last night.
   		Farique is smugly picturing his new Ferrari.
   		Jamila is mentally reviewing the pitch and timbre of the notes in the new song she rehearsed last night.
   		All of these options

1 points 

QUESTION 41

1. Which of the following supports the principle of encoding specificity?

   		People who study in a depressed mood do better when tested in a good mood
   		People who study under the effects of anti-anxiety medication do better when tested under the effects of anti-anxiety medicine
   		People who study in a manic state do better when tested in a manic state
   		Both b and c

1 points 

QUESTION 42

1. All of the following are examples of concepts EXCEPT _____.
    

   		tools
   		trees
   		blue
   		umbrellas

1 points 

QUESTION 43

1. Which are examples of abstract concepts?

   		Honesty, intelligence, love
   		Cars, trucks, motorcycles
   		Blue, green, red
   		People, places, things

1 points 

QUESTION 44

1. For most psychologists, language is a formal _____, whereas the public generally uses fuzzy _____.
    

   		definition; descriptions
   		artificial concept; natural concepts
   		mental image; concepts
   		superordinate concept; basic level concepts

1 points 

QUESTION 45

1. In everyday “real” life, most of us use _____ concepts.
    

   		mental
   		artificial
   		natural
   		formal

1 points 

QUESTION 46

1. Based on most people’s prototype for fruit, which of the following would take longer to classify?
    

   		An orange
   		An apple
   		Grapes
   		An avocado

1 points 

QUESTION 47

1. When learning a new concept, children are most likely to learn the basic level or _____ first.
    

   		superordinate category
   		prototype
   		subcategory
   		hierarchy

1 points 

QUESTION 48

1. When shown a picture of a poodle, most adults will first classify it as _____.
    

   		an animal
   		a dog
   		a mammal
   		a highbred

1 points 

QUESTION 49

1. Rosa is shopping in a new supermarket and wants to find a specific type of mustard. Which problem-solving strategy would be most efficient?

   		Instinct
   		Heuristic
   		Algorithm
   		Mental set

1 points 

QUESTION 50

1. CURRENT thinking regarding Whorf’s linguistic relativity hypothesis suggests that _____.
    

   		thought determines language
   		language determines thought
   		language influences thought
   		thought influences language

1 points 

QUESTION 51

1. Which of the following would support a genetic contribution to intelligence?

   		The degree of similarity for IQ scores is the same for identical and fraternal twins
   		The degree of similarity for IQ scores is the same for identical and fraternal twins
   		Identical twins have more similar IQ scores than fraternal twins
   		None of the above

1 points 

QUESTION 52

1. Minority schoolchildren perform better on verbal intelligence tests when they are told the test has nothing to do with school compared to when they are told the test is school-related. Which of the following can be concluded?

   		Ethnic and racial differences in intelligence mark different levels of preparedness
   		Intelligence tests are not culturally biased
   		Intelligence tests are influenced by stereotypes and expectation
   		None of the above

1 points 

QUESTION 53

1. Which of the following supports Whorf’s Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis?

   		Providing feminine attributes to a child when referred to as HE/SHE compared to HE
   		Rating a character in a story as more aggressive when referred to as a CHAIRMAN than a CHAIRPERSON
   		Japanese speakers cannot, but English speakers can, discriminate between the /r/ and /l/ distinction
   		All of the above

1 points 

QUESTION 54

1. Which of the following supports the idea that people store words in terms of their morphemes?

   		People are faster to respond to GOVERNMENT when it is preceded by another noun
   		People are faster to respond to GOVERNMENT when it is preceded by a similar-sounding word
   		People are faster to respond to GOVERNMENT when it is preceded by GOVERNOR
   		All of the above

1 points 

QUESTION 55

1. Studies of speech corpuses show that people are just as likely to produce speech errors involving parts of words, such as “nail the letter” instead of “mail the letter,” as they are to produce errors involving whole words, such as “fax the letter” instead of “mail the letter.” This result suggests that people store language in terms of which building block?

   		Phonemes
   		Morphemes
   		Words
   		Sentences

1 points 

QUESTION 56

1. Research shows that people are faster to verify that SLAP is a word when it is preceded by SLANT compared to when it is preceded by CRAMP. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?

   		People break words down and store them in terms of their morphemes
   		People break words down and store them in terms of their phonemes
   		People only use the rules of syntax and not semantics
   		People only use the rules of semantics and not syntax

1 points 

QUESTION 57

1. Research shows that people are faster to verify that SLAP is a word when it is preceded by SLANT compared to when it is preceded by CRAMP. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?

   		People break words down and store them in terms of their morphemes
   		People break words down and store them in terms of their phonemes
   		People only use the rules of syntax and not semantics
   		People only use the rules of semantics and not syntax

1 points 

QUESTION 58

1. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn the finding that people are faster to verify that a cocker spaniel is a dog compared to the time it takes to verify that a cocker spaniel is an animal?

   		People store conceptual information in the form of hierarchies
   		People always use algorithms to verify relationships
   		People always form artificial concepts to verify relationships
   		All of the above

1 points 

QUESTION 59

1. Which of the following would support the idea that people store concepts in terms of prototypes?

   		People are faster to verify that a robin is a bird
   		People are faster to verify that ostrich is a bird
   		People are equally fast to verify that robins and ostriches are birds
   		People always form artificial concepts

1 points 

QUESTION 60

1. The stereotype threat affects the IQ scores of which of the following groups?

   		Women
   		The elderly
   		White male athletes
   		All of these options

1 points 

QUESTION 61

1. The Flynn Effect refers to the increase in IQ scores over the years, and may be due to _____.

   		better nutrition
   		people becoming better test-takers
   		improved public education
   		all of these options

1 points 

QUESTION 62

1. Ethnic group differences in IQ scores can be due to _____.

   		socioeconomic differences
   		cultural biases in IQ tests
   		negative stereotypes about minorities
   		all of these options

1 points 

QUESTION 63

1. Current research regarding the origins of intellectual capacity _____.

   		suggests nature and nurture both have an impact, but the amount can’t be determined
   		suggests that nature has greater impact than nurture
   		suggests that nurture has greater impact than nature
   		suggests that nature and nurture have equal impact

1 points 

QUESTION 64

1. Researchers in the Minnesota study found that genetic factors played _____ role in IQ scores of identical twins reared apart.

   		a moderate
   		a very small
   		a large
   		no

1 points 

QUESTION 65

1. Brain activity is _____ correlated with intelligence.

   		negatively
   		positively
   		highly
   		not

1 points 

QUESTION 66

1. The brains of more intelligent people use fewer _____ to solve problems than a less efficient brain.

   		parts of the brain
   		neurotransmitters
   		synapses
   		energy or glucose resources

1 points 

QUESTION 67

1. Speed of response is _____ correlated with IQ scores.

   		negatively
   		positively
   		highly
   		not

1 points 

QUESTION 68

1. The _____ area in Einstein's brain was 15% larger than the same area in other people.

   		mathematical and spatial (parietal lobe)
   		verbal (temporal lobe)
   		somatosensory
   		all of these options

1 points 

QUESTION 69

1. Compared to human norms, Einstein’s brain was _____.

   		heavier
   		larger and heavier
   		larger
   		neither larger nor heavier

1 points 

QUESTION 70

1. Which of the following is TRUE of mentally gifted people, compared to people of average intellectual abilities?

   		They have fewer suicides.
   		They have a lower incidence of alcoholism.
   		They have more intellectual opportunities.
   		All of these options are true

1 points 

QUESTION 71

1. People with IQs between 40 and 70 who demonstrate exceptional skill or brilliance in areas such as rapid calculations, art, or musical ability are called _____.

   		savants
   		gifted
   		exceptional
   		none of the above

1 points 

QUESTION 72

1. Intellectually gifted people score in the top _____ percent on a standard IQ test.

   		1-2
   		5
   		10
   		5-10

1 points 

QUESTION 73

1. People with an intellectual disability who demonstrate exceptional ability or brilliance in some specific areas are called _____.

   		savants
   		idiot geniuses
   		mildly retarded
   		connoisseurs

1 points 

QUESTION 74

1. Only about _____% of the general population have an intellectual disability and, of that number, about _____ are mildly disabled.

   		2%; 65%
   		3%; 85%
   		4%; 85%
   		5%; 90%

1 points 

QUESTION 75

1. Intellectual disability applies to an individual with significant deficits in adaptive functioning and a score below _____ on a standard IQ test.

   		a50
   		60
   		70
   		80

1 points 

QUESTION 76

1. The controversy over IQ tests in the United States is related to problems with _____.

   		standardization
   		reliability
   		validity
   		norms

1 points 

QUESTION 77

1. If a test is standardized and reliable, what conclusions can you make about its validity?

   		The test is probably valid.
   		The test is probably invalid.
   		The test may be valid for some people, but not for others.
   		You cannot determine validity from reliability or standardization.

1 points 

QUESTION 78

1. If a test is valid, then its scores will be useful in _____.

   		predicting the test-taker’s behavior in a similar situation
   		establishing a standardization curve
   		determining a person’s genetic capacity for the behavior that was tested
   		all of these options

1 points 

QUESTION 79

1. This is a measure of a test’s ability to measure what it is designed to measure.

   		Validity
   		Standardization
   		Reliability
   		Normalization

1 points 

QUESTION 80

1. Reliability can be determined using _____.

   		standardization procedures and testing individuals
   		the test-retest and split-half methods
   		population norms and standardization norms
   		all of these options