Building materials are continually changing and being improved. For this reason, it is important for you to always continue to develop yourself. For this module of the course, I would like you to find 5 peer-reviewed journal articles that does research on fire resistance of a building material mentioned in this module. Read the article and write an annotated bibliography for each article. The articles must have been published within the last 10 years. See the attachment for an example of an annotated bibliography.

-Concreat

-wood

-gypsum

-steel

-masonry

Annotated Bibliography An annotated bibliography includes a list of books, chapters, articles, or other documents you have read. Each entry begins with a citation (using APA format) followed by a descriptive, evaluative annotation of the source. For this module of the course, I would like you to find 5 peer-reviewed journal articles that does research on a building material mentioned in this module. Read the article and write an annotated bibliography for each article. See the entry below as an example of one entry. Note that the first paragraph has to do with an overview of the article. While the second paragraph is more of a personal response to the article (opinion, relevance, applicability, critique, etc.). ****************************************************************************** Donald Warren, “From There to Where: The Social Foundations of Education in Transit Again,” Educational Studies 29 (2) (1998): 117-130. In “From There to Where: The Social Foundations of Education in Transit Again,” Warren (1998) argues that the nonlinear evolution of social foundations has led to an unclear history of the field. The circuitous path of the history of social foundations is due to battles the field has fought since its inception. Warren (1998) claims that the field fights ever-growing antiintellectual and academic elitism movements from politicians and even university faculty members. While the struggles may occur, social foundations has managed to remain. Questions as to the importance of the field are still posed. As the market for historians entered a decline in the mid-1970s, a decline from which the field has not recovered, Warren (1998) asks a key question opponents to the field pose: “What has any of this work to do with teachers, teaching, teacher preparation, or education generally?” (p. 117). While a seemingly simple gesture, Teachers College’s dropping of the name “foundations” from its department of philosophy in the 1960s is a resounding confirmation of a widespread misunderstanding of the intricacies of a complete teacher education program. Where is the research that supports that disciplinary content knowledge alone prepares teachers for the challenges they will face in the classroom? Like Tozer and Butts (2010) in “The Evolution of Social Foundations of Education,” Warren (1998) points out the irony of the decline in interest of social foundations in the face of a constantly growing need for the field in teacher education. Our society continues to make advances in the understanding of issues such as human sexuality, gender, psychological disorders, among many other concerns. It is criminal to place teachers in a setting where they do not have the educational background to understand their pupils.
 

Annotated Bibliography on Fire Resistance of Different Construction Materials

Annotated bibliography on fire resistance of different building materials such as concrete, wood, gypsum, steel, and masonry.

This article talks about the behavior of construction materials when subjected to high temperatures. According to the author, the ability of a material to resist fire or the characteristic of a material based on its fire resistance ability has a significant impact on how structures respond to fire or high temperatures. It is thus critical to understanding the behavior of construction materials when subjected to fire in terms of mechanical response to heating and heat transfer characteristics. The author contends that how different materials respond to fire can be classified under different categories based on their thermal, mechanical, physical, and chemical properties (Gillie, 2014). For instance, chemical changes such as charring or decomposition are specific characteristics of wood, while the physical properties such as spalling are specific to masonry materials.

On the other hand, steel creeps and softens but is highly unlikely to melt when subjected to maximum temperatures caused by normal fires. The article has addressed the ability of different construction materials such as wood, concrete, steel, masonry, glass, gypsum, and plastics to respond to a fire or extreme temperatures (Gillie, 2014). Consequently, it is a resourceful material for my research because it helps in giving an in-depth understanding of the ability of these materials to respond to different temperature conditions caused by fire. At the same time, it is a reliable and accurate resource material with backed-up information that has been supported by different other pools of literature and reference materials for further understanding of the key characteristics of these construction materials. 

This article highlights and verifies the fire-resistant characteristics of the Light Steel Framing (LSF) systems with two types of plasterboard. One of these systems is composed of fire-resistant plasterboard, while the other is by common or standard plasterboard. According to the authors, the technological development of the construction industry has resulted in the exploration and establishment of industrialized building systems such as the application of the structural Light Steel Framing (LSF). The structural Light Steel Framing (LSF) in this connection is a system that comprises cold-formed steel frames contrasted with drywall enclosure of various building materials like plasterboards, wood boards, and cement boards. These construction materials play an important role in the overall building construction and the duration or lifespan of the entire building (Bolina et al., 2017). This helps explain the need to conduct a thorough overview of all construction materials to ensure the construction of a structurally strong and long-lasting building.

The article, therefore, remains a useful resource material in my research because it contributes to the understanding of the fire-resistant ability of steel alongside other key characteristics as a building construction material. It is vital to understand the fire resistance characteristics of steel as a construction material, especially when reinforced with other common constriction materials since modern building technologies embrace steel reinforcement for durable and cost-effective building constructions. Besides, the article contains up-to-date research that recent laboratory tests have supported to determine the real response of steel material to fire or high-temperature conditions.  

This study examines the fire-resistant property of different construction materials such as cubic concrete and clay bricks. The selected construction materials in this study were subjected to high temperatures of 600 degrees to examine their behavior during fire incidents. It involves extensive tests on these materials from different sites to determine their response and reaction to extreme temperature conditions. This implies that the changing compressive strength of clay bricks and concrete at different temperature conditions were experimentally determined. The study concluded that different fire intensities significantly influence concrete and clay bricks as building construction materials because they are less efficient in load resistance under compression (Aldefae, Essa & Edan, 2020, March).

The tests were important because they helped establish the connection between these materials when exposed to high temperatures and their normal functionality during a fire outbreak. According to the authors, the fire resistance ability of a constriction material is determined by standard tests on structural elements such as beams, floor, wall, and column. In this regard, it was noted that the fire resistance capacity of both bricks and concrete is highly affected by fire accidents (Aldefae, Essa & Edan, 2020, March). Therefore, it is important to understand the resistance changes on the property and behavior of concrete and brick when exposed to extreme temperatures. This helps in risk mitigation during the construction to help avert possible catastrophes. The article is thus an important and resourceful reference material for my research because it provides an in-depth understanding of the fire-resistant property of concrete in an elaborative and scientific manner. 

This article proposes a model of defining the temperature-dependent nature of gypsum board as a constriction material under extreme temperatures. The article contends that gypsum is a common building construction material that provides passive fire protection hence used as fire-resistant ceilings or walls. The thermal properties of gypsum, such as shrinking and cracking at high temperatures, were important considerations in this study to examine its suitability and effectiveness in the application as a fire-resistant building material. The author considers the thermal conductivity of the gypsum as an influential parameter in heat conduction through gypsum board assemblies (Rahmanian, 2011). Consequently, the study examined high-temperature tests on different gypsum products, their stress and strain relationships, and the thermal shrinkage of gypsum board products to determine their effectiveness and efficiency in fire resistance.

 Therefore, this article is a valuable resource material for my research, considering that gypsum products are widely used as ceilings or walls of different buildings. They are majorly used as a lightweight lining material, which provides a cost-effective and efficient scheme of providing flexible partitioning assemblies for residential and commercial buildings (Rahmanian, 2011). Therefore, it is important to establish a profound understanding and knowledge of the fire resistance property of gypsum as a construction material as this helps determine its effectiveness and appropriateness in building construction. The article adds on a new knowledge of literature that directly responds to my research objective of understanding the fire resistance property of different construction materials, including gypsum, among others such as wood, concrete, and masonry.

This article examines the impacts of extremely high temperatures on the comprehensive strength of concrete made from varied types of aggregate. Concrete has been described as a common building material within the construction industry due to its fire resistance characteristic. According to the author, concrete acts differently when subjected to varied temperature conditions and remains incombustible building construction material. However, it is worth noting that aggregate makes a significant portion of the concrete volume. Hence, the performance of concrete during heating or under different temperature conditions is significantly affected by differences in aggregate properties. These differences also contribute to the breakages and cracking in parts of the concrete and loss in adherence (Netinger, Kesegic & Guljas, 2011). The study established that the compressive strength of concrete produced using basalt crushed stone was higher than that produced using the stream aggregate. It was further established that high temperatures had significant impacts on small concrete samples. In this regard, this article remains an important and resourceful material in my study objective of understanding the fire resistance of different building materials, including concrete. The article gives an in-depth overview of how concrete behaves when subjected to different temperature conditions. Consequently, it provides a direct response to my study objective in a precise and scholarly fashion.