Find a recent criminal justice journal article that employs an experimental, pre-experimental, or quasi-experimental design. Name, describe, and illustrate the design, and then discuss the factors present in the study that identify the design. Then, identify and discuss the type of sampling procedures used in this study, discuss any rival causal factors controlled for in this design, conclude with identifying and discussing what the study’s independent and dependent variables were.

 

Experimental and quasi-experimental Research

            As argued by several scholars, experimental Research has been termed the best type of Research to access cause effects and issues. Experimental Research has three features: the first Two comparison groups that are experimental and control group. Secondly, Variation on the independent variable before change assessment independent variable. Thirdly Random assignment to the two groups of comparison. Practical texts contain pretest and post-test that test the dependent variable before the experimental intervention; the latter tests measure the outcome—the classic experimental design with a pretest for two groups. Practical techniques in criminal justice are termed more, including domestic violence, where offenders are assigned to one of three interventions (arrest, separation, medication)

Quasi-experimental Research lacks random experimental and group controls. This is majorly approximated by close and careful matching of its subjects across the available variables. Two major types of quasi-experimental designs are before and after designs and nonequivalent control group designs

Netherlands research focused on experimental and quasi-experimental to discuss the special issue of the journal. Four Dutch studies is included here, crime and law enforcement, and a paper dealing with. Most recent development in criminology and criminal justice have been addressed in the Netherland, a country hardly full of tradition in experimental criminology researches. There was only one empirical Research in Holland in 1921, where there was a research study of changes in moral Judgment of boys and girls of different age groups. The experimental groups were in custody at that time, and the control group consisted of 'normal' juveniles. Dutch criminologists have done no other experimental researches. The criminal lawyers with little experience and training could not do further experimental investigations. There was a lone exception in 1965 where future Groningen criminology professor, Wouter Buikhuisen, Carrie out the natural quasi-experiment experiment by measuring effects after students being instructed during New Year Eve on public streets and squares. One of the hypotheses tested was that instigators would stimulate the riot compared to people in control areas without instigators. Later the P.H.D. Students in his class advocated using randomized experiments of punishment on recidivism majorly exercised to drunken drivers. (Steen) 1972. He supports randomized experiments to cuddy the effects of general inhibition on potential offenders.

A few scattered published studies paid attention to experimental or Quasi-experimental research methods. The Netherlands the country known well throughout the world for its innovations in new ways found to deal with criminals, alternative sanctions, lenient instead of severe punishment to deviant behavior in general. The innovations extended across the whole criminal justice system, ranging from probation to police. Later in the 80s, all kinds of prevention to minor offenses were planned and carried out to restrain the high crimes in the country. Police and private agencies set up many projects and local interventions to prevent criminal justice, having diminished criminologists' numbers by 2005. A few available played a role in the evaluation of government programs.

Century turn in the Netherlands led to dramatic changes in injustice and crime. The Research was found, managed, and implemented. Research and documentation center that dominated the whole 20th century, the center of Research and documentation of the ministry of justice. I had the center be the primary recipient of resources for criminal judges that employed the most significant criminal offenses. Independent critical work in crime and justice was encouraged by the change in the infrastructure of criminology. This stimulates independent and essential work in criminal justice. These independent researchers have enabled methodological and theoretical innovations in Dutch criminology.

Turn funding of the century led to changes in nature in which criminal justice and justice researches were funded and implemented in the Netherlands. Over the past decade 20th century, the research infrastructure of criminology and criminal justice was dominated by the documentation and research center over the ministry of justice. They had the center as being primary recipients of resources for the researches of criminal justice. As criminology in campuses had declined and thus little interest in criminology and criminal justice, the trend was reversed in the Netherlands at the turn of the century. People became more interested in innovation and development of research methods and criminology emerging in the U.S. and U.K.

Design is the choice of the framework of techniques that are used and applied in Research. This includes a statement of purpose of Research here on our study. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the kind of behavior changes in both boys and girls at varying ages. There is a statement of techniques used for data collection where this was used on a sampled group of teens in juvenile. After the data collection mode, there is a method for research analysis identification. The young children in the group were observed with no participants, and survey means were used after the observation trials. The secondary data analysis method was used for research analysis by government data analysis, identifying crime statistics, and researching historical documents. There is also a thorough assessment of measurement processes, including a specially designed experiment that seeks to identify components of the various measurement process. The research design types establish the relation between causes and particular happening of the criminal justice issue. The researcher observes the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The type of research design contributes to solving the particular problem by manipulating the independent variable to observe the change on the dependent one.

Sampling procedure, The identified groups of the teenagers were sampled correctly, and one group served as the control group while others were tested under the experimental conditions. Population sampling was used over the other number of methods including, randomization and pairing.

In the experimental designs, the rival causal factors are the variables other than those responsible for positive outcomes and results. The other thing produced the result other than the variable hypothesized to bring out the outcome. The factors experienced in the Research were the developed would certainly need revision in light of the consequences. Secondly, there is a less scientific evolvement from this result systematically and certainly not the other set of quasi-experimental whose history reflects the operation of fate and deliberate choices. As the name itself purposed to aqua to mean estimate the experiment in a setting where full experimental control is needed, researchers need to identify the Research in a natural context.

Rival causal factors are the factors that invalidate the research outcomes. The x variables in the Research responsible for the relationship have other returning and affecting factors that are not responsible for its relationship. The validity of Research here is affected by the different gender biasness. You cannot conclude that both and girls have common changes in their behaviors and other external and internal factors of Research that hinder the validity of the finding.

Dependent and the independent variables in the study, the moral Judgment was changing against time. For the children, female and male, the dependent variable was behavior, and time was the independent variable.

UNDESRSTANDING EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE FOR FUTURE APPLICATION

1. Recent criminal justice journal article the employs experimental and quasi-experimental design
2. There was only one experimental research in Holland in the year 1921, where there was research study of changes in moral judgment of boys and girls of different age groups. The experimental groups were in custody at that time and control group consisted of ‘normal’ juveniles.
3. The design used in the research
4. Population sampling method used and types
5. Rival causal factors controlled
6. Identifying study’s dependent and independent variable being age and moral judgement.