Need help with essay that goes into detail about multiple sclerosis and specifically its involvement within the brain. Your essay is like the investigator's report. You have a topic, you decide what you want to know about that topic, you do the necessary research, you use the information you collect to answer your questions, and then you look at the bigger picture to see how the fruits of your investigation contribute - or could contribute - to a broader understanding in the field or to a societal benefit or to new therapies or to .... • You can assume that the reader has a basic knowledge of neuroscience. • Do not simply repeat the contents of an article. This is not at all like a book report. • Stay away from personal anecdotes. They are rarely helpful and often waste space. • Statements like 'I found it interesting that ...' are wasted space - avoid them. A better approach would be something like 'The results support previous work, but raise the tantalizing question ...' • While collecting background information, you should consult at least one peer-reviewed journal paper. This can be a primary data paper or a review paper. You can additionally include other articles or highly reliable web sources. There is no requirement for a particular number of references. Be sure you include a reference list at the end of the journal. Such writing exercise will have three basic sections: 1) A short introduction that provides just enough background material so the reader can understand the question(s) you are asking and see why they are interesting. The introduction normally finishes with an explicit statement of the question(s) you are setting out to answer. 2) The body of the essay provides the information needed to answer your question. In an effective essay, the author organizes the information so that the reader easily sees and understands the most important ideas, not just the facts. 3) A brief summary that shows how the information in the body of the essay answers the question(s) posed in the introduction. The summary should not simply be a recap of information in the body of the essay. The summary can, if appropriate, propose future research, but must explain why that research would be important. Effective summaries require considerable time and effort. Must be 1100 words. due at 10 PM: help with an 1100-word essay that goes into detail about multiple sclerosis and specifically its involvement within the brain. . . Your essay is like the investigator's report. You have a topic, you decide what you want to know about that topic, you do the necessary research, you use the information you collect to answer your questions, and then you look at the bigger picture to see how the fruits of your investigation contribute - or could contribute - to a broader understanding in the field or to a societal benefit or to new therapies or to .... You can assume that the reader has a basic knowledge of neuroscience. Do not simply repeat the contents of an article. This is not at all like a book report. Stay away from personal anecdotes. They are rarely helpful and often waste space. Statements like 'I found it interesting that ...' are wasted space - avoid them. A better approach would be something like 'The results support previous work, but raise the tantalizing question ...' • While collecting background information, you should consult at least one peer-reviewed journal paper. This can be a primary data paper or a review paper. You can additionally include other articles or highly reliable web sources. There is no requirement for a particular number of references. Be sure you include a reference list at the end of the journal. Such writing exercise will have three basic sections: . 1) A short introduction that provides just enough background material so the reader can understand the question(s) you are asking and see why they are interesting. The introduction normally finishes with an explicit statement of the question(s) you are setting out to answer. 2) The body of the essay that provides the information needed to answer your question. In an effective essay, the author organizes the information so that the reader easily sees and understands the most important ideas, not just the facts. 3) A brief summary that shows how the information in the body of the essay answers the question(s) posed in the introduction. The summary should not simply be a recap of information in the body of the essay. The summary can, if appropriate, propose future research, but must explain why that research would be important. Effective summaries require considerable time and effort Requirements: 1100 words
 

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS)

Introduction:

Multiple sclerosis is a disease of the central nervous system causing damage to the brain and spinal cord.  In this disease, the body's immune system affects the protective sheath around the nerve fibre, known as the myelin sheath. The myelin sheath serves a major role in the communication between our brain and the rest of the body. Due to multiple sclerosis, this communication stops—this disease cause permanent harm to the nerves. There are many signs and symptoms of this disease, and all of these symptoms are not the same in every person. They differ from person to person. It also depends upon the degree of nerve damage and which type of nerve is damaged. Some people who have multiple sclerosis may not walk independently, and some experience discharge for a longer period without showing any new symptoms. There is no remedy found for this disease. However, treatment is done for rapid recovery from attacks.

Body:

There are three types of multiple sclerosis.

1. Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)
2. Primary progressive MS (PPMS)
3. Secondary progressive MS (SPMS)

Relapsing-remitting MS is symbolized by the defined attacks of new and rising neurological symptoms. These attacks are relapses or exacerbations; therefore, this type is called relapsing-remitting MS. These attacks are replaced by periods of partial or complete recovery. These are called remissions. RRMS is further described as active or not active as well as worsening or not worsening.

  Secondary progressive MS ( SPMS )follows an initial relapsing-remitting course. The people who are earlier diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS are then affected by the secondary progressive MS. In this type of multiple sclerosis, there is a gradual worsening of neurological functions. It is also further described as active or not active as well as with progression or without progression.

In the primary progressive type of multiple sclerosis, there are no relapses or remissions. There is worsening of neurological functions from the beginning, that is, from the onset of symptoms. This type of MS is further described as an active and non-active type and sometimes with or without progression. Symptoms of multiple sclerosis differ according to the location of the affected nerve fibres. Its symptoms often affect movement. Whenever the neck is bent electric shock-like movements are felt especially bending the neck forward. This symptom is called the Lhermitte sign. Numbness or weakness is typically felt on one side of the body, in one or more limbs or legs, and trunk. The most common symptoms are tremors, loss of coordination, and unsteady gait. Speech problems may also occur. The patient may feel dizziness and fatigue without any physical work. Some patients feel throbbing or tickling sensations in different parts of their bodies. Multiple sclerosis also affects sexual, bladder, or bowel functions. It also badly affects the eyesight of the patient. There may be a partial or complete loss of vision. Loss of vision may occur in only one eye or at both eyes at a time. The patient may feel pain during eye movements. Blurry vision may also occur. Or the patient may experience double vision for a long period. The patient must urgently see a doctor if he experiences any of these symptoms.

Most people suffer from a relapsing-remitting type of multiple sclerosis. A slight increase in the temperature may cause the symptoms to become even worse. At least 50% of the persons develop a gradual progression of symptoms. It takes almost 15 to 20 years to transition from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis can occur at any age, but most commonly, it occurs at 20 to 40 years. Older and younger people are most commonly affected by this disease.

Multiple sclerosis is known to be idiopathic. It means that its real cause is unknown till now. Researches have shown that it is an autoimmune disease in which the immune symptom of the body starts affecting its tissues. The immune system attacks the fatty layer around the nerve fibre. The function of that fatty substance is to cover and give protection to the nerve fibres lying in our brain and spinal cord. This fatty substance is called the myelin sheath. As the myelin sheath helps the nerve fibres connect messages from one part to the other, its destruction causes the stoppage or complete blockage of the message. As a result, the underlying nerve fibres start to die. After much research, it is still unclear why multiple sclerosis appears in some people and not in others. Its cause may be some genetic factors as well as environmental factors.

People who have multiple sclerosis may also develop some other diseases. Epilepsy may develop that affects the brain and cause vigorous seizures. Patients may fall into depression. Mental changes occur, such as mood swings. The patient forgets even the small things (forgetfulness). Paralysis may occur, especially in the legs. Muscle of patients with multiple sclerosis becomes stiff, and muscle spasm occurs. Many problems occur that affect the normal functioning of the bladder, sexual organs. Bowel movements are also affected.

If one of your parents or any sibling has multiple sclerosis, you have a higher chance of getting the disease. The people of northern Europe (white people) are at a higher risk of getting the disease than Asian, American, or African people. Multiple sclerosis is higher in a mild climate, such as in the following countries  Canada, Europe, New Zealand and Australia. Women have a higher risk to have multiple sclerosis as compared to men by 3%. Multiple sclerosis may also be related to a group of viruses Epstein-Barr. People having low exposure to sunlight and vitamin D are more likely to have multiple sclerosis. Smokers are most likely to have multiple sclerosis as compared to nonsmokers. Suppose a person already suffers from an autoimmune disease such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, thyroid diseases, type 1 diabetes, or pernicious anaemia. In that case, he is slightly at a higher risk of catching the disease than normal persons.

Generally, oral medicines are given to patients with multiple sclerosis. Medicines include:

• Fingolimod
• Dimethyl fumarate
• Teriflunomide
• Siponimod
• Cladribine

Conclusion:

We can slow down the progression of multiple sclerosis if we start the treatment right after the symptoms occur. Early treatment with DMTs and some other therapies helps to reduce the intensity of pain and helps the physician manage the condition in a better way. If the treatment is started early, it will help delay the potential progression from the relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.