question archive What was the relationship between religious and civil authority in medieval government in the Islamic world? Compare and contrast the relationship between religious and civil authority in medieval government in the Islamic world then and today
What was the relationship between religious and civil authority in medieval government in the Islamic world? Compare and contrast the relationship between religious and civil authority in medieval government in the Islamic world then and today
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What was the relationship between religious and civil authority in medieval government in the Islamic world? Compare and contrast the relationship between religious and civil authority in medieval government in the Islamic world then and today
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During the medieval period, Muslim-majority and Muslim-ruled cultures saw a dramatic shift. These people had previously been held together by Arab-dominated caliphate caliphates like the Abbasids and Umayyads. In addition to being non-Arab, most of these territorial empires also practiced religions other than Islam. The outcome was a wide range of social structures in Muslim societies.
Residents of each society were ruled by a web of complicated social relationships. Religion, ethnicity, social class, gender and legal status shaped the life of the people. Since there were so many variables at play, generalizing about Muslim living at this time is challenging. It's helpful to examine the various social organizations and hierarchies that determined people's experiences in order to better grasp this.
Numerous disjointed governmental groups took control of the formerly vast kingdom after the fall of the Abbasid caliphate. Medieval Islamic society featured a wide range of political, social and economic institutions administered by a variety of dynasties, caliphate and tribal governments because of this. In this time of decentralization, the government was seen as a faraway entity for most people. In the cities, the affluent merchants and landowners had the most influence over ecclesiastical and economic organizations. Farm owners and tribal leaders had a significant impact on local politics.
Step-by-step explanation
| RELATIONSHIP DURING THE MEDIEVAL GOVERNMENT | RELATIONSHIP TODAY |
| A person's religious identity was a major part of their lives. Scholars are debating whether non-Muslims in Muslim cultures were persecuted or treated quite well based on their religious traditions, | Most countries recognize Islam as a legitimate religion, have institutions that provide legal interpretations of Islamic law (fatwas), administer religious endowments and charities, supervise mosques, and apply Islamic family law in some form. Most of today's state muftis were introduced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. |
| Religious freedom and autonomy for non-Muslims were also permitted. As a dhimmi, they were granted these privileges if they paid a special tax known as a jizya and agreed to be ruled by Muslims. | The nationalization of religious endowment and almsgiving (zakat) as well as ministries of religious affairs have their roots in contemporary history. As bureaucratic states and legal systems grew in complexity in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, state institutions began to play a role in religious spheres in adjudicative, educational, training, and charitable functions, as well as in regulating public space, mosque gatherings, and public broadcasting. |
| Legal and cultural rights for non-Muslims were not always equal to those for Muslims. Dress, public religious display, vocations, and places of worship were sometimes restricted. Taxes and tariffs were also higher for them. Muslim women could not be married to non-Muslim males, and vice versa. As a result, these limits were not applied evenly. Non-Muslims were frequently targeted and exploited during periods of political and economic instability. | When colonial rulers and independent governments began creating separate legislation and courts for family matters in the nineteenth century, the establishment of a separate category of personal status law—perhaps the most significant element of Islamic law for many adherents today—did not exist before. |
| Religious disagreements were also crucial within Islam. Various groupings were valued in various settings as diverse schools of thought developed and distinct religious identities emerged. The Shia Fatimid dynasty, for example, was favorable to Shias, whereas the Sunni Abbasid dynasty was more persecuting toward them. As the balance of power altered, so did the persecution of specific communities. | Today there is no specific setting in the Islam community today ,everyone is equal before the law and they are judged equally , Islamic children also attend same schools and no schools set for a specific grouping . |
