LABORATORY EXERCISE QUESTIONS ~~1

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LABORATORY EXERCISE QUESTIONS

~~1. Refer to the data on the corn kernel color frequency from Part I of the lab. (Remember there were four possible types for this part of the lab.)

1. What was the phenotypic ratio from Step 1? (1 point)
2. What was the phenotypic ratio from Step 2? (1 point)
3. What was the phenotypic ratio from Step 3? (1 point)

~~2. Recall from the background information that purple kernels are dominant and yellow kernels are recessive. The second ear of corn was the result of crossing a heterozygous ear of purple corn by a homozygous recessive yellow ear (Pp x pp). This is represented by the Punnett square below. Complete the Punnett square by writing the correct letters that correspond to each number indicated in the table. (2 points)

	p	p
capitalP	1	2
p	3	4

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A 2 column by 2 row Punnett square. Above row 1 is capital P. Above row 2 is lowercase p. To the left of row 1 is capita P. To the left of row 2 is a lowercase p. Row 1 column 1 has a 1. Row 1 column 2 has a 2. Row 2 column 1 has a 3. Row 2 column 2 has a 4.

1. 1:
2. 2:
3. 3:
4. 4:

~~3. Once the Punnett square for Question 2 is complete, calculate the ratio of purple and yellow kernels (recall that if the dominant trait is present, it will be expressed).

a. What is the predicted ratio of purple to yellow kernels based on the Punnett square? (4 points)

b. How did this compare to the real-world ratio obtained from counting the corn kernels for ear number two in Part I of the lab? (4 points)

~~4. Recall from the background information that purple kernels are dominant and yellow kernels are recessive. Also recall that smooth kernels are dominant and wrinkled kernels are recessive. The third corn ear was the result of crossing a male ear of corn with the following gametes, capitalPlowercasepcapitalSlowercases, with a female ear of corn with the same gametes, capitalPlowercasepcapitalSlowercases. This is represented by the Punnett square below. Complete the Punnett square by writing the correct letters that correspond to each number indicated in the table (for example, capitalPcapitalPcapitalScapitalS or lowercaseplowercaseplowercaseslowercases). (8 points)

	capitalPcapitalS	capitalPs	pcapitalS	ps
capitalPcapitalS	1	2	3	4
capitalPs	5	6	7	8
pcapitalS	9	10	11	12
ps	13	14	15	16

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A 4 column by 4 row Punnett square. Above row 1 is capital P capital S. Above row 2 is a capital P lowercase s. Above row 3 is a lowercase p capital S. Above row 4 is a lowercase p lowercase S. To the left of row 1 is a capital P capital S. To the left of row 2 is a capital P lowercase s. To the left of row 3 is a lowercase p capital S. To the left of row 4 is a lowercase p lowercase s. Row 1 column 1 has a 1. Row 1 column 2 has a 2. Row 1 column 3 has a 3. Row 1 column 4 has a 4. Row 2 column 1 has a 5. Row 2 column 2 has a 6. Row 2 column 3 has a 7. Row 2 column 4 has an 8. Row 3 column 1 has a 9. Row 3 column 2 has a 10. Row 3 column 3 has an 11. Row 3 column 4 has a 12. Row 4 column 1 has a 13. Row 4 column 2 has a 14. Row 4 column 3 has a 15. Row 4 column 4 has a 16.

a. 1:

b. 2:

c. 3:

d. 4:

e. 5:

f. 6:

g. 7:

h. 8:

i. 9:

j. 10:

k. 11:

l. 12:

m. 13:

n. 14: 

o. 15:

p. 16:

~~5. Once the Punnett square for Question 4 is complete, calculate the ratio of corn kernel varieties (recall that if the dominant trait is present, it will be expressed).

a. What is the predicted ratio of all kernel varieties based on the Punnett square? (4 points)

b. How does this compare to the real-world ratio obtained from counting the corn kernels? (4 points)

~~6. Refer to the data from Part II of the lab. List whether the student was positive or negative for each characteristic and include whether the characteristic is dominant or recessive. (6 points)

1. Blood type (Is your blood group A, B, AB, or O?)
2. Rh blood group
3. Widow's peak
4. Free ear lobes
5. Tongue rolling
6. Hitchhiker's thumb
7. Little finger bend
8. PTC taster
9. Mid-digit hair
10. Facial dimples
11. Freckles
12. Cleft chin

~~7. Can the student tell from an individual's blood type phenotype alone (no information is known about the parents) if that individual is heterozygous or homozygous for their blood type genotype? Explain for each possible blood type. (4 points)

~~8. Create a Punnett square to determine the possibility of a couple having a color-blind child if the mother is color blind but the father has normal vision. HINT: Use X_b to indicate an X with the color-blindness trait.
What percentage of the female offspring will be color-blind? What percentage of the male offspring will be color-blind? (4 points)

~~9. Identify the Group Number that you were assigned for the 'Karyotype Activity' posted in Procedures Part II, step E.

Identify the biological sex and the chromosomal disorder (if applicable) indicated by your assigned Group Number's karyotype. (If there is no chromosomal disorder, please state that the karyotype was normal.) (5 points)

~~10. Based on the content provided in the lab, give an example of a specific medical condition for which a karyotype could be used to diagnose an individual. Explain what symptoms are likely to be exhibited by an individual with this condition, and what the karyotype would look like if an individual does have this disorder. (4 points)

~~11. Genetically speaking, why is it important not to mate with a close relative? Explain. (2 points)

~~12. Does a karyotype tell all of a person's genetic characteristics? Explain. (2 points)

~~13. Why is a photograph of cells in metaphase utilized when constructing a karyotype? (2 points)

~~14. What does it mean to be a carrier of a defective genetic characteristic? When might it be important to know if one is a carrier? (2 points)

~~15. From the hemophilia procedure: (4 points)

a. What were the possible genotypes of the offspring?

b. What is the probability of the males having hemophilia?

c. If there are 12 total offspring, how many are expected to be females that have hemophilia?

d. If there are 12 total offspring, how many male carriers are there expected to be?

 

~~16. Explain why more males tend to suffer from X-linked disorders than females. (4 points)

~~17. The student has a friend that knows the student is taking biology, and she is confused about her blood type. Her blood type is O, but her dad is A and her mother is B. She asks the student if it is possible for her parents to have a biological child that is O. Explain the answer to her. (4 points)

~~18. In a flower garden, the gardener has dark purple and white pansies. He notices that a new pansy has sprouted. When it finally flowers, the pansy is lavender. Identify this inheritance pattern and clearly explain how this happened. (4 points)

~~19. With a botanist friend's help, the gardener decides to cross the lavender pansy with the white pansy. Will this result in any dark purple pansies? Explain. (4 points)