1) How would the concepts of Kotter's 8 Steps apply in your Zaleznick analysis? STEP # STEP ANALYSIS 1 Establishing a Sense of Urgency Leaders get in touch with their teams announcing them that it is time for a change and motivating them to have trust

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1) How would the concepts of Kotter's 8 Steps apply in your Zaleznick analysis?

STEP #	STEP	ANALYSIS
1	Establishing a Sense of Urgency	Leaders get in touch with their teams announcing them that it is time for a change and motivating them to have trust.
2	Forming a Powerful Guiding Coalition	The coalition is made between the leader and people with more power than him by convincing them to give support to achieve the common goals.
3	Creating a Vision	A vision begins with determining the values of the change. Creating a good strategy is the next step for success.
4	Communicating a Vision	The vision needs to be shared with everybody and after that, address peoples’ concerns honestly.
5	Empowering colleagues to act on the Vision	Looking on the organizational structure, job descriptions and performance. Rewarding people for making the change happen. Take action to remove barriers and identify people who do not want the change to happen.
6	Planning for and creating short-term Wins	Justifying the investment in each project is important. Analyzing the potential pros and cons.
7	Consolidating improvements & Producing still more Change	Analyzing what needs improvement, setting goals for the future, bringing new change agents and leader is essential.
8	Institutionalizing New Approaches	Constantly recognizing key members of the coalition, new or old. Hiring new staff should include change ideals.

 

According to Zaleznick’s theory, managers and leaders are totally different when it comes to their personality and traits. While managers are persistent, rational problem solvers, leaders tolerate chaos, lack structure and are willing to delay closure. Managers have goodwill, seek ability and control, but leaders shape ideas and the most of them are artists, scientist and creative thinkers.

While managers prefer to work with people even if they lack empathy and the capacity to sense feelings, leaders are better alone, “vow to themselves” and are rich in emotional content, attracting strong feelings.

Both a leader and a manager are needed to run a successful business because they bring structure and innovation, they complete each other. Moreover, leaders come up with idea to gain profit, but managers take care about the expenses of these ideas.

2. How would Steve Jobs @ PIXAR be evaluated using Zaleznik's approach? Give specific examples, not general statements.?

Zalneznick said that leaders create a vision: Steve Jobs with Catmull and Lasseter had the vision of creating a full-length animated feature. They managed think at a good strategy, so they convinced Disney to build a partnership.

Zaleznick talks about once-born and twice-born people. When watching his commencement speech in 2005, I realized that he has the characteristics of a twice-born person because of these weights and struggles in life.

Steve Jobs and his colleagues have the skills of a leader that Zaleznick talks about in his book. They want to be creative and innovative by inspiring people to enlarge their horizons and take the risk of making a tremendous change: 3D animation movies which are successful nowadays.

3. What have we reviewed in class around WSJ that would be relevant to Zaleznik's theory?

Talking about the “Sheryl Sandberg’s New Job Is To Fix Facebook’s Reputation – And Her Own” article, it can be said that Mark Zuckerberg and Sheryl Sandberg have to prove qualities of managers for creating solutions to fix both Facebook’s and their reputation, meaning they have to take control of the matter and be rational. It is important to strive to convert win-lose situations into win-win situations. Apart from Zaleznick’s theory, the Kotter 8 Steps are seen here.