CHAPTER 4: RESULTS, ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS The introduction for chapter 4 is clearly identifiable due to its location as the first element of your chapter, so it does not need a separate title heading

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CHAPTER 4: RESULTS, ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

The introduction for chapter 4 is clearly identifiable due to its location as the first

element of your chapter, so it does not need a separate title heading. In the introduction,

begin with a restatement of the problem. Then, turn to a brief overview of the chapter.

The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the collected data and describe the statistical

treatments and data analysis(es) performed.

Data Collection and Screening

Begin this section by reviewing a description of the sample. Include information

such as the sample size, description of participants, exclusions and justification for

exclusions from the sample, and procedure for missing data. Describe the data collection

process as in chapter 3, noting any variances from the proposed process. Summarize the

data collected.

Data Analysis

Describe the statistical treatments and data analysis(es) you performed in this

section. You should describe the analysis used to address each hypothesis and discuss

the results for each hypothesis. Include all relevant results, and state whether each null

hypothesis was rejected.

Discuss with your advisor the level of detail necessary in this chapter for

your particular dissertation. For quantitative studies, tables and charts can convey a

significant amount of information efficiently. Check that your table titles and figure

captions clearly convey content without having to read the accompanying text. For

qualitative studies, the results may include quotes from study participants.

State the results without any interpretation. Remember the purpose of this

chapter is to state the results of data collection and analysis. You will discuss the

implications of the data and results in chapter 5.

should end with a transition discussion to the next chapter.

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The introduction for chapter 5 is clearly identifiable due to its location as the first

element of your chapter, so it does not need a separate title heading. Begin with a

restatement of the purpose of the study. Summarize your methods and procedures.

Mention your major findings in a summary of your results from chapter 4. Then, turn to

a brief overview of this chapter.

Discussion of Findings

Discuss and interpret your findings. Evaluate your results referring to your

hypothesis(es), objectives, and research questions. Assess your findings in light of the

literature reviewed in chapter 2, including references to those sources. Ensure that your

interpretations are justified and be ready to answer challenges to your speculations.

Conclusions

The conclusions should represent the contribution to knowledge you have made

through your study. As such, they should directly relate to your research questions and

objectives and significance of your study. This is the section where you can state your

opinion, using the data collected through your study to support that opinion. Discuss the

implications of your study for present and future research.

Recommendations

In this section you may recommend areas for further study, including suggesting

research questions or hypotheses for future research. In addition, you may recommend

practical applications of your research. Each recommendation should relate directly to

one of the conclusions you make above.