Religion 110A Introduction to the Bible IAU Professor Avalon Sookdeo Mondays 1:30p - 5p - Fall01 2021 Lecture 02 Agenda: 1

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Religion 110A Introduction to the Bible IAU Professor Avalon Sookdeo Mondays 1:30p - 5p - Fall01 2021 Lecture 02 Agenda: 1. Bible History [cont]: - Biblical Development - Biblical Schisms 2. Week02 Bible Theme: “The Blessing” - Order - Freewill - The Two Trees - Sin, Iniquity, and Transgression Biblical History A TIMELINE OF BIBLICAL HISTORY Major Events From Creation to the Completion of the New Testament 3 Main Biblical Canons There are 79 books in the Greek Orthodox Bible. The Catholic Bible has 77, while Protestant Bibles have 66 because Protestants do not recognize the Apocryphal and Deuterocanonical books written during the 400 years between the close of the Old Testament and beginning of the New Testament. 3 Main Biblical Canons Apocryphal/ Deuterocanonical Books In the third century B.C., Jewish scholars translated the Hebrew Bible (the Old Testament) into Greek, resulting in the Septuagint. Several books were included in the Septuagint that were not considered divinely inspired. Nestorianism (431 AD) Nestorianism refers to the doctrine that there are two distinct hypostases(substances) in the incarnation of Christ, one Divine and the other human. The teaching at the time was that all churches accepted the incarnate Christ is a single hypostasis, God and man at once. That doctrine is known as the Hypostatic union. Hence, a schismatic sect formed following the condemnation of Nestorius and his teachings by the ecumenical councils of Ephesus (431 AD). Council of Chalcedon (451 AD) A controversy between the Western and Eastern Churches. They could not agree about the meaning of incarnation. The Council of Chalcedon renounced the notion of a single nature in Christ, and declared that he has two natures in one person and hypostasis. It also insisted on the completeness of his two natures: Godhead and manhood. The Great Schism (11th Century) The Great Schism split Christianity into major two divisions, Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox. The Three causes of the Great Schism in Christianity are: Dispute over the use of images in the church. Dispute of the Latin word Filioque to the Nicene Creed (The Holy Spirit Origins) Dispute about who is the leader or head of the church (reject the infallibility of the pope). The Protestant Reformation A reform movement that swept through Europe in the 1500s. It resulted in the creation of a branch of Christianity called Protestantism, a name used to refer to the many religious groups that separated from the Roman Catholic Church due to differences in doctrine. Abuses and corruption protruded, such as the sale of indulgences (or spiritual privileges) by the clergy and other charges of corruption undermined the church’s spiritual authority. An indulgence was a piece of paper, a certificate, which guaranteed the purchaser that a certain amount of time in purgatory would be remitted as a result of the financial transaction. A German Catholic Monk named Martin Luther Luther grew in his concerned about the matter of indulgences for some time. Ninety-five Theses, propositions of concern with the question of indulgences, written (in Latin) and posted on the door of a Roman Catholic Church, Wittenberg, on October 31, 1517. How can a community of people all agree on a particular truth? How is truth known? How can truth be solidified as truth? In 2 Timothy 3:16, the Bible says that it is was "inspired by God," explain what is meant by this? (Refer to class lecture and notes. Please add a reference in order to get full credit, see DQ example in Moodle Truth is… Isaiah 28 9 “Whom will he teach knowledge? And whom will he make to understand the message? Those just weaned from milk? Those just drawn from the breasts? 10 For precept must be upon precept, precept upon precept, Line upon line, line upon line, Here a little, there a little.” The Inspiration of God In 2 Timothy 3:16, the Bible says that it is was "inspired by God," explain what is meant by this? (Refer to class lecture and notes. Please add a reference in order to get full credit, see DQ example in Moodle Inspiration of God The Bible is a written collection of divinely-inspired books of humanity's encounter with God. What does it mean to be divinely inspired? Divinely Inspired carries the idea of God breathed, it is the exhaling of God's ideas, knowledge. It is the exhaling of God and the inhaling[receiving] His breathe/words/ideas/mind/heart/knowledge/wisdom. Inspiration of God Jeremiah 18:1-2 1The word which came to Jeremiah from the Lord, saying: 2 “Arise and go down to the potter’s house, and there I will cause you to hear My words.” Four Levels of Biblical interpretation Four Levels of Biblical interpretation 1) Peshat - surface" ("straight") or the literal (direct) meaning 2) Remez – “hints" conveys meaning through the allegoric and symbolic beyond just the literal sense 3) Derash – “to inquire" – the comparative meaning 4) Sod – "secret, hidden" meaning, known only through the inspiration or revelation of God. Four Levels of Biblical interpretation 1) Peshat - surface" ("straight") or the literal (direct) meaning Example: Matthew 6 9 In this manner, therefore, pray: Our Father in Heaven, hallowed be Your name. 10 Your kingdom come. Your will be done On earth as it is in heaven. Our Heavenly Father’s Name is hallowed, holy. Four Levels of Biblical interpretation 2) Remez – “hints" or the deep allegoric, symbolic meaning beyond just the literal sense Example: Matthew 6:22 22 “The lamp of the body is the eye. If therefore your eye is good, your whole body will be full of light. Four Levels of Biblical interpretation 3) Derash – "inquire, seek" – the comparative meaning, as given through similar occurrences. Example: Matthew 6 9 In this manner, therefore, pray: Our Father in Heaven, hallowed be Your name. 10 Your kingdom come. Your will be done On earth as it is in heaven. Our Father’s will in heaven is being compared to the His will on the Earth. Four Levels of Biblical interpretation 4) Sod – "secret, mystery" meaning, as given through inspiration or revelation. Example: Matthew 6 9 In this manner, therefore, pray: Our Father in Heaven, hallowed be Your name. 10 Your kingdom come. Your will be done On earth as it is in heaven. God our Heavenly Father’s Kingdom is a culture, which reflects the King’s heart. The Blessing of God The Blessing of God Lets’ read and study Genesis 1:1-31 Go to this link below: https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis +1&version=NKJV The Blessing of God Lets’ read and study Genesis 1:1-31 What ideas about God can you observe from verses 1-3? The Blessing of God Lets’ read and study Genesis 1:1-31 Look carefully at verses 3-5, “God said,” “God saw,” and “God called” reveals what to us about God? The Blessing of God Lets’ read and study Genesis 1:1-31 Look at verses 9-13, describe what was being taken place at this time on the Earth? The Blessing of God Lets’ read and study Genesis 1:1-31 Look at verses 14-19, explain how do we see order within the creation of God? The Blessing of God Lets’ read and study Genesis 1:1-31 Examine verses 24-25 and 27-28, God blessed both animals and humanity, identify the similarities and differences. The Blessing of God Lets’ read and study Genesis 1:1-31 Examine verse 31, what specific blessing does God emphasize over humanity than the creation? The Blessing of God Lets’ read and study Genesis 2 Examine verse 7, God blesses the man with a nephesh, a soul and spirit, life, with an independent will, with a freewill. What are some purposes having a freewill? The Blessing of God Lets’ read and study Genesis 2 Examine verse 9, the Bible identifies specific names of two trees, 1. The Tree of Life 2. The Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil Now read verses 15-17, what can we suspicions can we observe about these trees? The Blessing of God Lets’ read and study Genesis 2 1) Why does God gives the man a command/instructions about this tree? 2) How do one eat from the tree? 3) What about the tree will cause man to die? The Blessing of God Lets’ read and study Genesis 2 Examine verses 18-22, for what reasons does the Bible reveals to us as to why woman was made? God’s Truths/Ideas/Words Are Eternal God’s Word is Eternal Romans 1:20 For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities—His eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that people are without excuse. Psalm 119:89 Your word, Lord, is eternal. Hebrews 4:12 For the word of God is alive and powerful. Sharper than any double-edged sword, it penetrates even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow; it understands the thoughts and attitudes of the heart. A Strategic, Systematic God God’s Word is Strategic Genesis 1:1… 1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 The earth was without form, and void; and darkness was on the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters. 3 Then God said, “Let there be light”; and there was light. 4 And God saw the light, that it was good; and God divided the light from the darkness. 5 God called the light Day, and the darkness He called Night. So the evening and the morning were the first day. The birth of the “Flesh” Our fallen nature Our habitual nature Switch of Intimacy For what purpose did God gave us a freewill? In His Omniscience He knew already that we would not follow his ways. Knowing that we would inhale the pollution of evil DQ2:1 – Explain what was the driving reason as to why did the early Christian Church separated into three major branches within the same Faith? (Refer to class lecture and notes. Please add a reference in order to get full credit, see DQ example in Moodle) DQ2:2 – Describe what significant role did the German monk Martin Luther have during the reforming the abuses within Christianity? (Refer to class lecture and notes. Please add a reference in order to get full credit, see DQ example in Moodle) DQ2:3 – Explain is the Derash meaning from this passage of Scripture: Luke 13:18-19 18 Then Jesus said, “What is the kingdom of God like? And to what shall I compare it? 19 It is like a mustard seed, which a man took and put in his garden; and it grew and became a large tree, and the birds of the air nested in its branches.” (Refer to class lecture and notes. Please add a reference in order to get full credit, see DQ example in Moodle) DQ2:4 – From our lesson this week, describe what is the “Blessing of God” towards humanity? (Refer to class lecture and notes. Please add a reference in order to get full credit, see DQ example in Moodle) Course Paper Topic Students might choose a Bible passage, with instructor's approval, and engage in a process of analysis, interpretation, and application of it. Relevant details of authorship, historical-cultural context, literary genre and theology should be considered. Alternative views should be considered, and a final position of your own should be stated and argued. Finally, thoughtful contemporary application ought to be made. Commentaries should be consulted but not depended upon. Week03 Short Essay Question: Read the Luke 15:11-32 Scripture passage, and incorporate the 4 levels of interpretations in your observation. Please write what insights you learned from the father and his sons about God and humanity. Example: Luke 15:4-7 REL110A Class and Assignment Policies REL 110 Introduction to the Bible - 2021 Fall 1 Weekly Mid Term Prep 13. In Genesis, Abraham and Sarah have a son named __________. Select one: a. Abel b. Cain c. Esau d. Isaac 14. In outlining a biblical story, the __________ is the cause of rebellion. Select one: a. catalyst b. rationale c. source d. trump REL 110 Introduction to the Bible - 2021 Fall 1 Weekly Mid Term Prep 15. In the pattern often found in the book of Judges, the people turn from the Lord and __________. Select one: a. become hedonists b. fall ill c. serve others gods d. stop believing in any god 16. Jews established communities outside of Palestine during the __________. Select one: a. Diaspora b. Exodus c. Mosaic period d. Torah period REL 110 Introduction to the Bible - 2021 Fall 1 Weekly Mid Term Prep 17. Mesopotamia lies between the __________ and __________ rivers. Select one: a. Euphrates and Nile b. Euphrates and Tigris c. Nile and Tigris d. Tigris and Little Tigris 18. Most of the psalms were likely used for __________. Select one: a. gifts b. holidays c. study d. worship REL 110 Introduction to the Bible - 2021 Fall 1 Weekly Mid Term Prep 19. New criticism involves meticulously studying the qualities that make each biblical text __________. Select one: a. accurate b. significant c. spiritual d. unique 20. One of the major hypotheticals about how the Israelites occupied Canaan is called the __________ revolt. Select one: a. Egyptian b. occupation c. peasant d. tribal REL 110 Introduction to the Bible - 2021 Fall 1 Weekly Mid Term Prep 21. One of the steps in evaluating the literary world of the Bible is observing the __________ qualities of the text. Select one: a. historical b. lingual c. prose and poetic d. spiritual 22. Solomon's rule was a glory age for Israel is a __________. Select one: a. city b. empire c. nation-state d. province REL 110 Introduction to the Bible - 2021 Fall 1 Weekly Mid Term Prep 23. Stair-like __________ includes repeating patterns. Select one: a. analogy b. parallelism c. simile d. symbolism 24. The book of Isaiah was most likely created by a group of __________. Select one: a. disciples b. historians c. prophets d. students REL 110 Introduction to the Bible - 2021 Fall 1 Weekly Mid Term Prep 25. The Christian Bible focuses on the hope that God will act in a __________ way to redeem Israel. Select one: a. judgmental b. new c. powerful d. surprising 26. The first nine books of the Tanak tell the story of __________. Select one: a. creation b. Jesus c. Noah d. the apocalypse REL 110 Introduction to the Bible - 2021 Fall 1 Weekly Mid Term Prep 27. The literary unit that describes David's death and Solomon's ascendancy is called the __________ narrative. Select one: a. kingship b. leadership c. royalty d. succession 28. The Lord is portrayed as judging Israel in court in a __________ lawsuit. Select one: a. apocalyptic b. biblical c. covenant d. holy REL 110 Introduction to the Bible - 2021 Fall 1 Weekly Mid Term Prep 29. The middle poems in Lamentations discuss the destruction of __________. Select one: a. Egypt b. Jerusalem c. Rome d. the Temple 30. The most common form of the documentary hypothesis theorizes that the first six books of the Bible were the work of __________ authors. Select one: a. five b. four c. three d. two REL 110 Introduction to the Bible - 2021 Fall 1 Weekly Mid Term Prep 31. The Old Testament includes the __________. Select one: a. Gospels b. Hebrew Bible c. New Testament d. Torah 32. The period of the Israelites __________ is called the Mosaic period. Select one: a. enslavement b. faithfulness c. migration d. war REL 110 Introduction to the Bible - 2021 Fall 1 Weekly Mid Term Prep 33. The Philistines were successful in attacking the Israelites, in part, because they had __________. Select one: a. less disease b. more people c. superior mapmaking skills d. superior weaponry 34. The Song of the Sea is one of the __________ texts in the Hebrew Bible. Select one: a. lost b. most important c. newest d. oldest REL 110 Introduction to the Bible - 2021 Fall 1 Weekly Mid Term Prep 35. The subtheme in Genesis is humankind's special place in __________. Select one: a. creation b. fate c. God's plan d. the universe 36. The Tanak is centered on God's special relationship with the people of __________. Select one: a. Canaan b. Eden c. Israel d. Rome Theological Reflection Idea: Is God male or female or both or what else? John 4:24 “God is Spirit, and his worshipers must worship in the Spirit and in truth.”